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Nucleotide sequence of yst, the Yersinia enterocolitica gene encoding the heat-stable enterotoxin, and prevalence of the gene among pathogenic and nonpathogenic yersiniae
(American Society for Microbiology, 1990-09-01) Delor, I.; Kaeckenbeeck, A.; Wauters, G.; Cornelis, G. R.
The gene encoding the heat-stable enterotoxin (yst) was cloned from the chromosome of Yersinia enterocolitica W1024 (serotype O:9), and the nucleotide sequence was determined. The yst gene encodes a 71-amino-acid polypeptide. The C-terminal 30 amino acids of the predicted protein exactly correspond to the amino acid sequence of the toxin extracted from culture supernatants (T. Takao, N. Tominaga, and Y. Shimonishi, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 125:845-851, 1984). The N-terminal 18 amino acids have the properties of a signal sequence. The central 22 residues are removed during or after the secretion process. This organization in three domains (Pre, Pro, and mature Yst) resembles that of the enterotoxin STa of Escherichia coli. The degree of conservation between the E. coli and Y. enterocolitica toxins is much lower in the Pre and the Pro domains than in the mature proteins. The mature toxin of Y. enterocolitica is much larger than that of E. coli, but the active domain appears to be highly conserved. The yst gene of Y. enterocolitica introduced in E. coli K-12 directed the secretion of an active toxin. The cloned yst gene was used as an epidemiological probe among a collection of 174 strains representative of all Yersinia species except Yersinia pestis and numerous Y. enterocolitica subgroups. In Y. enterocolitica, there was a clear-cut difference between pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains: 89 of 89 pathogenic and none of 51 nonpathogenic strains contained yst-homologous DNA, suggesting that Yst is involved in pathogenesis. Among the other Yersinia species, only four strains of Yersinia kristensenii had DNA homologous to yst.
Survival of patients with chronic respiratory failure on long-term oxygen therapy and or non-invasive ventilation at home
(Elsevier BV, 2015-08-01) Cuvelier, Antoine; Roth, Hubert; Cano, Noël, J.; Pichard, Claude; Court-Fortune, Isabelle; Costes, Frédéric; Cynober, Luc; Gerard-Boncompain, Michèle; Molano, Luis Carlos; Laaban, Jean-Pierre; Melchior, Claude; Raphaël, Claude; France, Julie; Lloret, Thomas; Pison, Christophe
Chronic respiratory failure (CRF) is the common fate of respiratory diseases where systemic effects contribute to outcomes. In a prospective cohort of home-treated patients with CRF, we looked for predictors of long-term survival including respiratory, nutritional and inflammatory dimensions.637 stable outpatients with CRF, 397 men, 68 ± 11 years, on long-term oxygen therapy and/or non-invasive ventilation from 21 chest clinics were enrolled and followed over 53 ± 31 months. CRF resulted from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in 48.5%, restrictive disorders 32%, mixed (obstructive and restrictive patterns) respiratory failure 13.5%, bronchiectasis 6%. Demographic characteristics, smoking habits, underlying respiratory diseases, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), arterial blood gases, 6-min walking distance (6MWD), hemoglobin, body mass index (BMI), serum albumin, transthyretin, C-reactive protein (CRP), history of respiratory assistance, antibiotic and oral corticosteroid use during the previous year were recorded.322 deaths occurred during the follow-up. One-, five- and 8-year actuarial survival was 89%, 56% and 47%. By Cox univariate analysis, age, respiratory disease, PaO2, PaCO2, FEV1/FVC, BMI, 6MWD, activity score, type and length of home respiratory assistance, smoking habits, oral corticosteroid and antibiotic uses, albumin, transthyretin, hemoglobin and CRP levels were associated with survival. Multivariate analysis identified eight independent markers of survival: age, FEV1/FVC, PaO2, PaCO2, 6MWD, BMI, serum transthyretin, CRP ≥ 5 mg/l.In CRF, whatever the underlying diseases, besides the levels of obstructive ventilatory defect and gas exchange failure, 6MWD, BMI, serum transthyretin and CRP ≥ 5 mg/l predicted long-term survival identifying potential targets for nutritional rehabilitation.
Korrelation der Messwerte des Herzzeitvolumes (HZV) mittels Thermodilutionsbolusmethode und kontinuierlicher Registrierung
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2000-09-21) A. G. Kieback; Andrea Grohmann; Stephan B. Felix; Gert Baumann; G. Kalb
Wir untersuchten die Korrelation zweier unterschiedlicher Messverfahren zur Bestimmung des Herzzeitvolumens (HZV) bei 12 herzinsuffizienten Patienten (NYHA III–IV) wahrend der Applikation von Nitroprussid-Natrium (NPN). Dabei sollte gepruft werden, ob beide Messverfahren vergleichbar eine Anderung des Herzzeitvolumens erfassen. Mittels eines Swan-Ganz-Katheters (Baxter 746H-8F) wurde das HZV durch die Thermodilution entsprechend dem Bolusverfahren (TDB) sowie kontinuierlich nach der „continuous cardiac output” (CCO)-Methode uber ein in den Katheter integriertes thermisches Filament bestimmt. Nitroprussid-Natrium wurde in 4 steigenden Dosierungen intravenos verabreicht. Die Dosissteigerungen erfolgten nach jeweils 60 Minuten. Messungen wurden zu 11 Zeitpunkten durchgefuhrt (3 unter Basalbedingungen sowie jeweils 2 in 30-minutigen Abstanden wahrend jeder NPN-Dosisstufe). Die Korrelationen zu den einzelnen Messzeitpunkten wurden nach dem Spearman-Verfahren berechnet.¶ Ergebnisse: Im Vergleich des HZV (TDB) und HZV (CCO) errechneten sich zu 8 von 11 Messzeitpunkten signifikante Korrelationen (p<0,05).¶ Schlussfolgerung: Das CCO-Verfahren ermoglicht die schnelle und zuverlassige Bestimmung des HZV auch bei einer medikamentos verursachten schnellen Veranderung der Hamodynamik.
Residues within the N-terminal Domain of Human Topoisomerase I Play a Direct Role in Relaxation*
(Elsevier BV, 2001-01-01) Lisby, Michael; Straub, Tobias; Olesen, Jens R.; Skouboe, Camilla; Krogh, Berit O.; Boege, Fritz; Velmurugan, Soundarapaudian; Martensen, Pia M.; Andersen, Anni H.; Jayaram, Makkuni; Westergaard, Ole; Knudsen, Birgitta R.
All eukaryotic forms of DNA topoisomerase I contain an extensive and highly charged N-terminal domain. This domain contains several nuclear localization sequences and is essential for in vivo function of the enzyme. However, so far no direct function of the N-terminal domain in the in vitro topoisomerase I reaction has been reported. In this study we have compared the in vitro activities of a truncated form of human topoisomerase I lacking amino acids 1-206 (p67) with the full-length enzyme (p91). Using these enzyme forms, we have identified for the first time a direct role of residues within the N-terminal domain in modulating topoisomerase I catalysis, as revealed by significant differences between p67 and p91 in DNA binding, cleavage, strand rotation, and ligation. A comparison with previously published studies showing no effect of deleting the first 174 or 190 amino acids of topoisomerase I (Stewart, L., Ireton, G. C., and Champoux, J. J. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 32950-32960; Bronstein, I. B., Wynne-Jones, A., Sukhanova, A., Fleury, F., Ianoul, A., Holden, J. A., Alix, A. J., Dodson, G. G., Jardillier, J. C., Nabiev, I., and Wilkinson, A. J. (1999) Anticancer Res. 19, 317-327) suggests a pivotal role of amino acids 191-206 in catalysis. Taken together the presented data indicate that at least part(s) of the N-terminal domain regulate(s) enzyme/DNA dynamics during relaxation most probably by controlling non-covalent DNA binding downstream of the cleavage site either directly or by coordinating DNA contacts by other parts of the enzyme.
Coherent orientations in symplectic field theory
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2004-03-19) Bourgeois, Frédéric; Mohnke, Klaus
We study the coherent orientations of the moduli spaces of holomorphic curves in Symplectic Field Theory, generalizing a construction due to Floer and Hofer. In particular we examine their behavior at multiple closed Reeb orbits under change of the asymptotic direction. The orientations are determined by a certain choice of orientation at each closed Reeb orbit, that is similar to the orientation of the unstable tangent spaces of critical points in finite--dimensional Morse theory.
Late-Onset Calorie Restriction Improves Lipid Metabolism and Aggravates Inflammation in the Liver of Old Wistar Rats
(Frontiers Media SA, 2022-05-23) Teofilović, Ana; Vratarić, Miloš; Prvulović, Milica; Veličković, Nataša; Vojnović-Milutinović, Danijela; Mladenović, Aleksandra; Đorđević, Ana
Aging is a progressive process that could disturb metabolic homeostasis in the liver via ectopic lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and deterioration of inflammatory response. Although calorie restriction (CR) is recognized as beneficial for life span and health span prolongation, it is still unclear how late-onset CR, characterized by late beginning and short duration, affects age-related processes. The aim of this study was to examine how late-onset CR-induced metabolic adjustments impact lipid status and inflammation in the liver of old rats. The experiments were conducted on aging male Wistar rats fed ad libitum (AL) or exposed to late-onset CR (60% of AL daily intake) from 21st to 24th month. The results showed that late-onset CR reduces body weight, visceral adipose tissue and liver mass, and triglyceride levels when compared to old animals on AL diet. The ameliorating effects of CR on lipid metabolism include increased activity of AMP-activated protein kinase, suppressed de novo fatty acid synthesis, stimulated β-oxidation, decreased lipotoxicity, and limited triglyceride synthesis and packaging in the liver. Restricted diet regime, however, does not improve expression of antioxidant enzymes, although it leads to progression of age-related inflammation in the liver, partially through lower corticosterone concentration and decreased activation of glucocorticoid receptor. In conclusion, late-onset CR is able to restore age-related imbalance of lipid metabolism in the liver, but has a negative impact on hepatic inflammatory status, implying that the type of diet for older individuals must be balanced and chosen carefully with appropriate duration and start point.
Thigmomorphogenesis – Control of plant growth by mechanical stimulation
(Elsevier BV, 2018-04-01) Frederik Börnke; T. Rocksch; Frederik Börnke; T. Rocksch
Abstract Controlled regulation of plant growth is a general prerequisite for the production of marketable ornamental plants. Consumers as well as retailers prefer stronger, more compact plants with greener leaves as these not only better meet a certain desired visual quality but also allow for a maximization of production per unit area as well as facilitation of packaging and transport. The same applies for the production of young vegetable plants. Special attention is paid to solid, compact and resilient plants that survive transport and planting without any problems. During the last decades plant growth control has mainly been achieved through the application of chemical plant growth regulators that generally interfere with the function of growth regulating hormones. However, there is an increasing demand to replace chemical treatments by other means such as the modulation of growth conditions, including temperature, light and fertilization. Alternatively, the application of mechanical stimulation has been shown to induce plant responses that yield some of the commercially relevant phenotypes including increased compactness, higher girth, darker leaves and a delay in flowering. The ability of plants to sense and respond to mechanical stimuli is an adaptive trait associated with increased fitness in many environmental settings. Mechanical stimulation in nature occurs e.g. through wind, rain, neighboring plants or predatory animals and induces a range of morphogenic responses that have been summarized under the term thigmomorphogenesis. We are only just about to begin to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying mechanosensing and the associated morphogenic changes in plants. However, a number of examples suggest that mechanical stimulation applied in a greenhouse setting can be used to alter plant growth in order to produce marketable plants. In this review will briefly summarize the current knowledge concerning the biological principles of thigmomorphogenesis and discuss the potential of mechanical growth regulation in commercial plant production especially with respect to organic horticulture.
From Gondwana to Europe: The journey of Elba Island (Italy) as recorded by U–Pb detrital zircon ages of Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks
(Elsevier BV, 2016-10-01) Gabriele Paoli; Sergio Rocchi; Anna K. Ksienzyk; Hallgeir Sirevaag; H. Jørgensen; Joachim Jacobs; Joachim Jacobs; Jan Košler
Abstract Elba Island, located midway between Corsica and mainland Italy, is a small but important fragment of the Adria Plate. It has a rich sedimentary record preserved in a stack of tectonic nappes of both continental margin and oceanic origin. Especially the detrital zircons in early Paleozoic to early Mesozoic metasedimentary rocks provide an archive of many important geological events in the island's history. Elba Island and Adria originated along the northern margin of Gondwana, but drifted north in Silurian times to become part of Europe. A large new dataset of LA-ICP-MS and SIMS U–Pb zircon ages allows us to trace this history. Three main stratigraphic units have been investigated. The oldest Porto Azzurro Unit was deposited in the early Cambrian and has zircon age distributions indicating a typical northern African provenance, most likely sourced from the Saharan Metacraton. The Ortano Unit has a simple, mostly unimodal Ordovician age distribution that is entirely dominated by metavolcanic rocks and their erosional products; a sample of the metavolcanic Ortano Porphyroids provided a SIMS U–Pb zircon age of 460 ± 3 Ma. This phase of intense volcanism is related to the subduction of the Rheic Ocean beneath Gondwana, terminating with initial rifting and subsequent opening of the Paleotethys. This also marks the onset of the separation of a range of European terranes, including Adria and future Elba Island, from Gondwana. The Permo-Triassic Monticiano–Roccastrada Unit is the first to show a European provenance with the appearance of large amounts of Variscan and late to post-Variscan detritus. The presence of Variscan detrital zircons in the Permo-Triassic sediments is unexpected, since a Variscan age signature is so far not well recorded in the Adria Plate. This dataset is the most comprehensive detrital zircon dataset so far available for the Adria Plate and documents Adria's close affinity to Africa in the Lower Paleozoic, as well as its initial rifting within an active continental margin setting during the Ordovician and its final separation and independent evolution since late Palaeozoic times.
On Saint-Venant’s Principle for Elasto-Plastic Bodies
(SAGE Publications, 2008-09-17) VILLAGGIO, PIERO; KNOPS R. J.
This paper concerns Zanaboni’s version of Saint-Venant’s principle, which states that an elongated body in equilibrium subject to a self-equilibrated load on a small part of its smooth but otherwise arbitrary surface, possesses a stored energy that in regions of the body remote from the load surface decreases with increasing distance from the load surface. We here prove this formulation of Saint-Venant’s principle for elastic-plastic bodies. The present proof, which for linear elasticity considerably simplifies that developed by Zanaboni, depends crucially upon the principle of minimum strain energy to obtain a fundamental inequality that leads to the required result. Differential inequalities are not involved. The conclusion is not restricted to cylinders but is valid for plastic bodies of general geometries. Although no conditions are imposed on the plastic theories discussed here, counter-examples indicate that in certain circumstances the fundamental inequality, and hence the result, may be valid only for restricted data that includes the body’s minimum length.
Effectiveness of a home-based cognitive behavioral program to manage concerns about falls in community-dwelling, frail older people: results of a randomized controlled trial
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2016-01-06) Kim Delbaere; G. A. Rixt Zijlstra; Johan W.S. Vlaeyen; A.W. Ambergen; Johan W.S. Vlaeyen; Tanja A. C. Dorresteijn; Gertrudis I. J. M. Kempen
Concerns about falls are common among older people. These concerns, also referred to as fear of falling, can have serious physical and psychosocial consequences, such as functional decline, increased risk of falls, activity restriction, and lower social participation. Although cognitive behavioral group programs to reduce concerns about falls are available, no home-based approaches for older people with health problems, who may not be able to attend such group programs are available yet. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a home-based cognitive behavioral program on concerns about falls, in frail, older people living in the community.In a randomized controlled trial in the Netherlands, 389 people aged 70 years and older, in fair or poor perceived health, who reported at least some concerns about falls and related activity avoidance were allocated to a control (n = 195) or intervention group (n = 194). The intervention was a home-based, cognitive behavioral program consisting of seven sessions including three home visits and four telephone contacts. The program aims to instill adaptive and realistic views about fall risks via cognitive restructuring and to increase activity and safe behavior using goal setting and action planning and was facilitated by community nurses. Control group participants received usual care. Outcomes at 5 and 12 months follow-up were concerns about falls, activity avoidance due to concerns about falls, disability and falls.At 12 months, the intervention group showed significant lower levels of concerns about falls compared to the control group. Furthermore, significant reductions in activity avoidance, disability and indoor falls were identified in the intervention group compared with the control group. Effect sizes were small to medium. No significant difference in total number of falls was noted between the groups.The home-based, cognitive behavioral program significantly reduces concerns about falls, related activity avoidance, disability and indoor falls in community-living, frail older people. The program may prolong independent living and provides an alternative for those people who are not able or willing to attend group programs.ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01358032. Registered 17 May 2011.
Preliminary Experience Using JetBrains MPS to Implement a Requirements Specification Language
(IEEE, 2014-09-01) Alberto Rodrigues da Silva; Miloš Milić; Saša Lazarević; Siniša Vlajić; Ilija Antović; Vojislav Stanojević
People prefer to use textual specification of requirements, but their representations are not suitable for automatic transformation and reuse. Use case modeling is commonly used to structure and document requirements. The integration of use cases within the Model Driven Development paradigm requires a rigorous definition of the use case specification. In this paper we describe the key part of SilabReq language for requirements specification based on use case and present the main result from our preliminary experience with implementation of the SilabReq language with JetBrains Meta Programming System.
How does longitudinally measured maternal expressed emotion affect internalizing and externalizing symptoms of adolescents from the general community?
(Wiley, 2011-03-14) Loes Keijsers; Tom Frijns; Susan Branje; Skyler T. Hawk; Pol A. C. van Lier; Quinten A. W. Raaijmakers; Theo A. Klimstra; Theo A. Klimstra; Saskia A.M. Wijsbroek; Wim Meeus; William W. Hale
In previous studies, maternal expressed emotion (EE) has been found to be a good predictor of the course of adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms. However, these studies have been cross-section as opposed to longitudinal. The goal of this study is to examine longitudinal data of perceived maternal EE and adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms to determine if maternal EE affected the course of adolescent symptoms (a parent effect model), or if the course of adolescent symptoms affected maternal EE (a child effect model), or if maternal EE and adolescent symptoms affected one another bidirectionally.Dutch adolescents (N = 497; 57% boys; M = 13 years) from the general community and their mothers were prospectively studied annually for three years. At all waves the mothers completed the Level of Expressed Emotion (LEE) questionnaire and the adolescents completed self-rated measures of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the longitudinal data.The results of the SEM analyses clearly demonstrate that a child effect model best describes the relationship between maternal EE and the course of adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms.This longitudinal study of the mothers' EE perceptions suggests that it is the course of the internalizing and externalizing symptoms of adolescents from the general community that affects maternal EE, and not the mothers' perceived EE influencing the course of the adolescents' symptoms. Since this study was based on adolescents from the general community, it is suggested that these findings should also be replicated in clinical samples of adolescents.
Tail‐Cuff Technique and Its Influence on Central Blood Pressure in the Mouse
(Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2017-11-06) Thakore, Pratish; Keeble, Julie; Nandi, Manasi; Brain, Susan D.; Wilde, Elena; Aubdool, Aisah A.; Baldissera, Lineu; Alawi, Khadija M.
Background Reliable measurement of blood pressure in conscious mice is essential in cardiovascular research. Telemetry, the “gold‐standard” technique, is invasive and expensive and therefore tail‐cuff, a noninvasive alternative, is widely used. However, tail‐cuff requires handling and restraint during measurement, which may cause stress affecting blood pressure and undermining reliability of the results. Methods and Results C57Bl/6J mice were implanted with radio‐telemetry probes to investigate the effects of the steps of the tail‐cuff technique on central blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature. This included comparison of handling techniques, operator's sex, habituation, and influence of hypertension induced by angiotensin II . Direct comparison of measurements obtained by telemetry and tail‐cuff were made in the same mouse. The results revealed significant increases in central blood pressure, heart rate, and core body temperature from baseline following handling interventions without significant difference among the different handling technique, habituation, or sex of the investigator. Restraint induced the largest and sustained increase in cardiovascular parameters and temperature. The tail‐cuff readings significantly underestimated those from simultaneous telemetry recordings; however, “nonsimultaneous” telemetry, obtained in undisturbed mice, were similar to tail‐cuff readings obtained in undisturbed mice on the same day. Conclusions This study reveals that the tail‐cuff technique underestimates the core blood pressure changes that occur simultaneously during the restraint and measurement phases. However, the measurements between the 2 techniques are similar when tail‐cuff readings are compared with telemetry readings in the nondisturbed mice. The differences between the simultaneous recordings by the 2 techniques should be recognized by researchers.
Short communication: Positioning of temperature measurement points using multiplanar computed tomography
(Informa UK Limited, 1990-01-01) H. Lyng; E. M. Sager; O. R. Monge; L. Lindsköld
A method is described for the use of computed tomography and multiplanar reconstruction to depict in single images the full course of obliquely running thermometry catheters. In 14 patients given thermoradiotherapy for locally advanced breast carcinoma, reformatted images of the full catheter course were obtained for all 98 catheters so far tested. The main clinical advantage of this time-consuming procedure was the ability to determine the localization within the catheters of individual temperature measurement points of multipoint thermistor probes. It was also possible to study the localization of the measurement points in relation to the tumour margins.
Multilab Direct Replication of Flavell, Beach, and Chinsky (1966): Spontaneous Verbal Rehearsal in a Memory Task as a Function of Age
(SAGE Publications, 2021-04-01) Jarrold, C.; Attwood, M.; Castelain, T.; Guitard, D.; Hoehl, S.; Hosch, A.; Jeanneret, S.; Joseph, T. N.; Lelonkiewicz, J. R.; Lupyan, G.; Ostermann, T.; Schonberg, C. C.; Tamnes, C. K.; Tomasik, M. J.; Valentini, B.; Vergauwe, E.; Elliott, E. M.; Morey, C. C.; AuBuchon, A. M.; Cowan, N.; Adams, E. J.; Bayram, B.; Beeler-Duden, S.; Blakstvedt, T. Y.; Buttner, G.; Cave, S.; Crepaldi, D.; Fredriksen, E.; Glass, B. A.; Graves, A. J.; Koch, C.; McDonald, A.; Meissner, G.; Mendenhall, W.; Moreau, D.; Ozdogru, A. A.; Padovani, F.; Poloczek, S.; Roer, J. P.; Vlach, H. A.; Voracek, M.
Work by Flavell, Beach, and Chinsky indicated a change in the spontaneous production of overt verbalization behaviors when comparing young children (age 5) with older children (age 10). Despite the critical role that this evidence of a change in verbalization behaviors plays in modern theories of cognitive development and working memory, there has been only one other published near replication of this work. In this Registered Replication Report, we relied on researchers from 17 labs who contributed their results to a larger and more comprehensive sample of children. We assessed memory performance and the presence or absence of verbalization behaviors of young children at different ages and determined that the original pattern of findings was largely upheld: Older children were more likely to verbalize, and their memory spans improved. We confirmed that 5- and 6-year-old children who verbalized recalled more than children who did not verbalize. However, unlike Flavell et al., substantial proportions of our 5- and 6-year-old samples overtly verbalized at least sometimes during the picture memory task. In addition, continuous increase in overt verbalization from 7 to 10 years old was not consistently evident in our samples. These robust findings should be weighed when considering theories of cognitive development, particularly theories concerning when verbal rehearsal emerges and relations between speech and memory.
Change in pH during setting of polyelectrolyte dental cements
(Elsevier BV, 1993-04-01) E.A. Wasson; John W. Nicholson; John W. Nicholson
The change in pH during setting has been studied for five different glass polyalkenoate (ionomer) cements and for two different zinc polycarboxylate cements using a flat-headed combination electrode on both the fresh cement and on a slurry of the set cement. The results show that the pH of the glass ionomers was slightly lower in the early stages of setting than was the pH of the zinc polycarboxylates and also that the pH of glass ionomers rises more slowly. For anhydrous cements (i.e. those formulated from dried polymer) pH was found to rise quicker than for hydrous cements (i.e. those prepared from aqueous solutions of polymer). Previous workers have assumed that anhydrous cements undergo slower rises in pH than hydrous ones. Our results clearly refute this assumption, and also suggest that the reported pulpal irritation associated with the use of anhydrous glass ionomers may be due to something other than low pH.
Atmospheric aerosol in the finnish arctic: Particle number concentrations, chemical characteristics, and source analysis
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 1995-01-01) Andreas Stohl; Aki Virkkula; M. Mäkinen; Risto Hillamo
Atmospheric aerosols have been measured in Finnish Lapland from January 1992 to June 1994. A seasonal cycle in particle number concentration, measured using a condensation particle counter, is observed. Aerosol samples have been collected by a virtual impactor (VI) in two size ranges. The filters have been changed every 48 hours. Most fine particle samples are acidic: 91% of the measured anions (neq/m3) to measured cations (neq/m3) ratios are above one. According to a trajectory statistical analysis, high sulphate concentrations come to Finnish Lapland from all of continental Europe. The source areas of the highest observed ammonium concentrations are in Western Europe.
Personalized Medicine Challenges the Health Care System
(Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016-01-01) Manfred Dietel; Manfred Dietel
Biomedicine has made incredible progress during the last decade offering totally new possibilities to treat various types of diseases, in particular cancer. Clinically relevant genomic analyses today are feasible within days and will be possible within hours in some years. While the costs of molecular diagnostics are decreasing the treatment procedures will remain extremely costly for years. Since the number of molecular-based intervention will increase dramatically the overall burden of the health care system will become a substantial challenge. All partners involved therein have to recognize the facts, discuss the challenges and find solutions by tearing down existing boundaries, otherwise a strain on or even a collapse of the system cannot be excluded. The reproach ‘Only the rich survive’ has to be avoided to ensure the balance and harmony of the social system.
Treatment of the Renal Involvement in Mixed Cryoglobulinemia with Prolonged Plasma Exchange
(S. Karger AG, 1986-01-01) Ferri C; Moriconi L; Gremignai G; MIGLIORINI, PAOLA; Paleologo G; Fosella PV; BOMBARDIERI, STEFANO
Nine patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia and severe membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis were treated with plasma exchange alone or in combination with medium to low amounts of corticosteroids, but never with cytotoxic drugs. In 5 patients renal function and/or proteinuria improved after plasma exchange, and no clinical relapse usually occurred when the procedures were reduced or discontinued. These procedures seemed of particular effect in the presence of histologically active and not irreversible lesions and rapid deterioration of renal function. While cryocrit almost invariably decreased, circulating immune complex or complement levels were unpredictably affected by plasma exchange. Cryocrit, but not immune complex or complement levels, was the serological parameter which most often closely correlated with signs of renal involvement (i.e., proteinuria and/or serum creatinine). Thus, plasma exchange might be a safe and useful tool in the treatment of an often drug-resistant and rapidly progressive renal involvement occurring in patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia.
Sympathoexcitation by Bradykinin Involves Ca²⁺-Independent Protein Kinase C
(Society for Neuroscience, 2002-07-15) Helmut Kubista; Eugenia Moskvina; Stefan Boehm; Martina Mayer; Herwig Just; Thomas Scholze
Bradykinin has long been known to excite sympathetic neurons via B2receptors, and this action is believed to be mediated by an inhibition of M-currents via phospholipase C and inositol trisphosphate-dependent increases in intracellular Ca2+. In primary cultures of rat superior cervical ganglion neurons, bradykinin caused an accumulation of inositol trisphosphate, an inhibition of M-currents, and a stimulation of action potential-mediated transmitter release. Blockade of inositol trisphosphate-dependent signaling cascades failed to affect the bradykinin-induced release of noradrenaline, but prevented the peptide-induced inhibition of M-currents. In contrast, inhibition or downregulation of protein kinase C reduced the stimulation of transmitter release, but not the inhibition of M-currents, by bradykinin. In cultures of superior cervical ganglia, classical (α, βI, βII), novel (δ, ε), and atypical (ζ) protein kinase C isozymes were detected by immunoblotting. Bradykinin induced a translocation of Ca2+-independent protein kinase C isoforms (δ and ε) from the cytosol to the membrane of the neurons, but left the cellular distribution of other isoforms unchanged. This activation of Ca2+-independent protein kinase C enzymes was prevented by a phospholipase C inhibitor. The bradykinin-dependent stimulation of noradrenaline release was reduced by inhibitors of classical and novel protein kinase C isozymes, but not by an inhibitor selective for Ca2+-dependent isoforms. These results demonstrate that bradykinin B2receptors are linked to phospholipase C to simultaneously activate two signaling pathways: one mediates an inositol trisphosphate- and Ca2+-dependent inhibition of M-currents, the other one leads to an excitation of sympathetic neurons independently of changes in M-currents through an activation of Ca2+-insensitive protein kinase C.

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